Amprion in Europe

Drei Masten mit wehenden Europafahnen vor dem europäischen Parlamant.

The extra-high-voltage line between Cologne and Bludenz in Austria built in the 1920s anticipated today’s idea of a highly integrated European power network: the tighter you interconnect supra-regional networks, the more secure and efficient the power supply becomes. Today, Amprion’s grid is interconnected with other transmission grids within Germany and also with the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland and Austria by means of interconnectors. In a sense, then, regional cooperation is in our DNA.

As a physical platform, it is our grid that makes the European internal energy market possible in the first place. Within this framework, we make it available to all market participants – without any discrimination and at fair market prices. We work closely with other transmission system operators and our European partners to further develop Europe’s internal electricity market, to operate the grid safely and securely and to make it fit for Europe’s ongoing energy transition. This is a task and responsibility that is increasingly growing in importance as conventional means of power generation are cut back and the use of renewable energy sources continues to expand in many European countries. The following aspects are the focus of our European operations:

  • We are working together with our partners on the European grid of the future.
  • We coordinate the interconnected grid and therefore the electricity flows between national grids in the northern section of Europe’s extra-high-voltage grid.
  • We make sure that the electricity traded through the European exchanges is reliably transported across national borders.

Das Symbol, das Sie beschreiben, stellt eine Kombination verschiedener erneuerbarer Energiequellen dar. Es zeigt eine Windturbine, eine Solaranlage und eine Silhouette einer Stadt oder eines Industriegebiets.

Europe’s electricity system

Europe’s national power grids are interconnected by cross-border lines, what are known as “interconnectors”. This creates the fundamental physical structure that enables electricity to be traded across borders and will lead to prices converging across Europe. Experts talk about the European internal energy market. Non-discriminatory and cross-border access to our electricity grids is subject to the condition that system security is guaranteed at all times.

Europe’s internal energy market

The implementation and advancement of Europe’s internal energy market has been at the heart of the European Union’s energy policy for years. That’s because it is regarded as the way to a secure, sustainable and affordable energy supply in the long term.

The starting point was the first EU Directive on the liberalisation of the internal electricity market passed on 19 December 1996, which was transposed into German law in 1998. The idea behind this was to promote cross-border electricity trading and competition and in doing so create a European internal market for energy. This marked the beginning of a new era in the history of electricity supply. The EU succeeded in convincing the member states that electricity should be recognised as a commodity that from now on should be traded freely. The defined areas in which vertically integrated power utilities had previously been responsible for generation, the grids and distribution were dissolved.

The second European internal power market package of 26 June 2003 placed transmission system operators (TSOs) at the centre of the EU’s liberalisation efforts. The first provisions regarding “unbundling” have been implemented. The term “unbundling” was used by EU legislators to outline new regulations designed to separate generation, grid and sales operations and assign them to standalone but integrated power utilities. This gave rise to independent TSOs. These companies continued to enjoy a “natural monopoly” but were now subject to a new regulatory system. The function of national regulatory authority in Germany was assumed by the Federal Network Agency in 2005.

On 13 July 2009, the third liberalisation package finally marked the beginning of the TSO’s institutional independence from their parent companies. At the same time, ACER was set up – a European authority tasked with coordinating cooperation between the national regulatory authorities. It is also involved in the development of European network regulations – what are known as the “network codes” –, which regulate cross-border cooperation between TSOs, lay down connection rules and specify the European market design. Also in 2009, ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, was founded to act as an interface between European regulators, stakeholder groups and TSOs.

European Cooperations

Amprion’s transmission grid lies at the heart of Europe and is connected to the grids in the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, France, Austria and Switzerland by cross-border interconnecting feeders. Amprion is party to numerous cooperation agreements with European TSOs with whom we are working closely to make our grids even safer, even more reliable and even more capable. The focus is on system reliability and grid planning, the transnational electricity market and further development of transmission technologies.

Conseil International des Grands Réseaux Électriques (CIGRÉ)

 CIGRÉ (International Council on Large Electric Systems) is an international science- and technology-based organisation that deals with issues concerning the transmission and supply of electrical energy. It was founded in Paris in 1921. Today, CIGRÉ comprises over 8,000 professionals from the fields of science and technology, from more than 90 countries, and some 1,100 corporate members from industry, utilities and science. These experts use CIGRÉ as a platform through which to exchange information and promote scientific advancement. Amprion supports CIGRÉ’s activities vigorously with its own contributions and is active in the German national committee of CIGRÉ, the German CIGRÉ study committees and CIGRÉ’s international working groups.

European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E)

Under the auspices of  ENTSO-E, Amprion and 40 other TSOs are working hand in hand to enhance the European electricity grid. Its core tasks are to promote the European internal electricity market and grid expansion, and to draw up rules for grid operation. ENTSO-E was set up in 2009 as part of the EU’s Third Energy Package for the internal energy market, which aims to further liberalise the gas and electricity markets in the EU and has a legal mandate.

EPEX-SPOT

Amprion has had an indirect interest in the European Power Exchange  EPEX SPOT since November 2015. To this end, the company acquired 5 per cent of the original stock of Holding des Gestionnaires de Réseau de Transport d’Electricité (HGRT). HGRT holds 49 per cent in EPEX SPOT, the leading power spot market in Europe. Amprion’s investment is helping to bring the European electricity markets even closer together and to further secure the high level of system security and availability in the German grid.

International Grid Control Cooperation (IGCC)

Some eleven TSOs from eight countries are operational members (as known as participating TSOs) of the IGCC, which was founded in 2011. Within the framework of IGCC, imbalances between electricity generation and consumption are automatically balanced across load frequency control (LFC) areas. This avoids the simultaneous cross-border activation of frequency restoration reserves (RFF) in opposite directions, reduces the use of (secondary) balancing power and allows the free balancing power gained to be utilised to maintain system security.

Joint Allocation Office (JAO)

Together with 22 other European TSOs, Amprion has a holding in the Luxembourg-based allocation platform  JAO (Joint Allocation Office). This company acts as the central auction platform and contact point for the long-term allocation of transmission capacities for the trading of electricity within the European Union.

Market Coupling Initiatives (CWE, MRC, XBID)

As a party to numerous market coupling initiatives in Central Western Europe (CWE) and in Europe as a whole (MRC, XBID), Amprion is actively engaged in shaping Europe’s internal electricity market. One particular focus of these efforts is to ensure the efficient allocation of transmission capacities for the cross-border exchange of electricity.

Offshore: North Sea Summits

The  first North Sea Summit took place in May 2022 in Esbjerg, Denmark. Heads of state and government from Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands met with industry representatives. The summit ended with the adoption of the Esbjerg Declaration, in which the four founding countries set a common goal to cost-effectively develop their combined offshore power generation capacity and quadruple it to 150 GW by 2050. This is equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of 150 million European households. To achieve this, several interconnected offshore energy projects and hubs, large-scale offshore wind parks and interconnectors for electricity and green hydrogen will be developed and built. This will make the North Sea the largest sustainable energy hub in Europe.


The  second North Sea Summit took place in Ostend, Belgium, in April 2023. The founding countries of Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands were joined by France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway and Luxembourg to form the largest North Sea energy coalition to date. In the concluding Ostend Declaration, the participants reaffirmed their common desire to develop the North Sea into Europe's green power plant.


The  third North Sea Summit took place in Hamburg in January 2026 under the motto “From National to Regional.” It focused on creating suitable investment conditions for offshore wind, cross-border planning and financing of offshore wind farms and their associated power grids, and the protection of critical infrastructure. The aim is to unlock synergies in spatial use, strengthen European electricity trading, and improve grid utilisation - among other measures through offshore wind farms with multi-country grid connections and cooperation projects connecting assets from other countries’ Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). Heads of state and government and energy ministers from Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom participated, as did representatives from the European Commission and NATO. The summit was covered by the media and involved key stakeholders from the power grid and wind energy sectors, large electricity consumers, non-governmental organisations, trade unions, and financing institutions.

Offshore: TSO Collaboration

The Offshore TSO Collaboration (OTC) is an informal group of offshore transmission system operators from nine countries bordering the North Sea and extending beyond the EU.
Amprion works with international partners in this group on the development of offshore grids in the North Sea. The group prepares joint expert papers containing ideas and proposed solutions for the current common challenges.
Based on the political declarations of  Esbjerg (2022) and  Ostend (2023), this group of international TSOs develops joint expert papers that include ideas and solutions for the current shared challenges regarding the development of offshore networks in the Northern Seas.

During the WindEurope Anual Event 2025, the Offshore TSO Collaboration (OTC) presented the initial results of a pilot study it undertook which is aimed at developing a joint European offshore grid in the North Sea. The fourth expert paper, published at the North Sea Summit in Hamburg in January 2026, is titled “Expert Paper IV: Balancing costs, benefits and risks for cross-border offshore grids in the North Seas.” It presents the Offshore TSO Collaboration’s (OTC) recommendations for an integrated regional process for planning, cost-sharing and financing to enable such projects in the North Seas, building on the messages of the previous expert papers. It expands the OTC’s joint planning approach, highlighting innovative yet practical cost-sharing models and flexible financing solutions. In short: regional cooperation, joint planning to select the right projects, cost-sharing to define national contributions, and a financing framework with the right instruments are essential to achieve Europe’s long-term goals in the North Seas.

The co-ordination and investigation processes for possible project topologies in the North Sea remains the focus of the collaboration. The transmission system operators (TSOs) are developing specific project ideas based on the transmission requirements identified in the Offshore Grid Development Plan ( ONDP). These proposals will be integrated into  ENTSO-E's Ten-Year Grid Development Plan ( TYNDP) and the national planning processes. The group is discussing whether framework conditions need to be adapted to realise the first hybrid projects.
The aim of this international cooperation is to accelerate the development and implementation of offshore grids and support ambitious political goals. By collaborating on practical solutions for a coordinated expansion of the European offshore grid, we can fully utilise the potential of the North Sea and achieve maximum social benefit.

Offshore: Investigation of cross-border interconnection with Denmark and Norway

In 2023, Amprion signed two separate Memorandums of Understanding (MoU) with Denmark ( press release) and Norway (  press release) to investigate the feasibility of hybrid interconnectors. Amprion began bilateral cooperation with the Danish transmission system operator Energinet in April 2023 and with the Norwegian transmission system operator Statnett in November 2023 as part of the MoU. A hybrid interconnector links both offshore wind parks and countries with each other. The collaboration with Denmark and Norway aims to discuss technical and economic aspects. The connection of Germany - Denmark and Germany - Norway via a hybrid interconnector is a key element in supporting the development of offshore grids in the North Sea and achieving the EU's climate targets. Such projects would also strengthen system stability in Europe.
As a result, the offshore interconnection project between Amprion and Energinet, known as TYSDAN Hybrid Interconnector, is included in the TYNDP 2024 ( project 1214, TYNDP).

Offshore: Eurobar

 Eurobar stands for ‘European Offshore Busbar’ and is an initiative of eight European transmission system operators. The member countries span several European sea basins. The group is working together on technical standards and reviewing regulatory conditions so that wind farms can be connected to each other in the future. The objectives are to bundle wind power via a European offshore network and distribute it efficiently across Europe. The initiative has set itself the task of working on the introduction and establishment of technical standards and exchanging knowledge on regulatory and technical issues. The introduction of standards for transmission system operators will enable the connection of offshore wind farms in the future. Further information on the initiative can be found at Eurobar.

Renewables Grid Initiative (RGI)

Since 2016, Amprion has been a member of  RGI, an exchange and dialogue platform for TSOs and environmental associations. Together we are working to further develop Europe’s electricity grids in a sustainable and socially acceptable manner and to improve the integration of renewables. Founded in 2009 on the initiative of a consortium of NGOs and TSOs, RGI is committed to promoting environmentally aware and transparent grid restructuring and expansion and to the development of smart power grids and storage technologies.

Watch RGI's "Need for grids" videos to  learn more.

Security Service Centre (SSC)

At the SSC located in Rommerskirchen near Cologne, a team of experts drawn from Amprion and both TenneT Netherlands and TenneT Germany is helping to facilitate and underpin security management within the German and Dutch EHV grids. The SSC began operating in 2009 and is Europe’s first such security centre.

Ten-Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP)

Every two years, Amprion and the other European TSOs who are members of ENTSO-E draw up the Ten-Year Network Development Plan (  TYNDP). Based on forecasts of how electricity generation and consumption will develop, the TYNDP identifies which new power links will be needed in the future across Europe and also highlights important developments in the market and technology sectors.

TSO Security Cooperation (TSC)

Together with twelve European TSOs, Amprion is party to the security cooperation  TSCNET Services. This service company, headquartered in Munich, helps its member TSOs coordinate and plan grid operation, analyse grid situations and calculate available transmission capacities.